Does the “It Is Figurative” Hermeneutic Spring from Unbelief?

A correspondant wrote:
I do not believe that we should argue about whether this is literal or figurative. If you believe it is literal, then you are certainly bound by it. That is it and that’s all there is! Sorry. I don’t care how big the pearl is, if that is all there is, then we are going to be quite dissatisfied in heaven. However, if these things are figurative of things that illustrate that there is nothing on earth that can currently describe them, then that tells me something far more than a literal 20 story high oyster. My study of Revelation 21 indicates that it coule not be literal. Work your way through it and I think you will see the same thing. For example:
Rev 21:16
16 And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.
What is meant by the literal height of the city?

James replied:
I do not belive we should argue about it either. It is obviously literal . Behind the literal/figurative thing is a hermeneutic that doesn’t work. Instead of the choice of literal/figurative being based on the context and logic, with the “it is figurative” hermeneutic, the choice is based on our feeling that the statement could not be true. Our decision is therefore based upon unbelief rather than logic. When you base a literal/figurative determination on unbelief, you open the door to anything. For example, when you read about a 200 ft pearl, you do not believe a pearl could possibly be that big. Since you do not not believe a pearl can be 200 ft in diameter, it must therefore be figurative. The basis for this decision is your unbelief in a 200 ft pearl. It is not logic. It is an opinion that the text cannot be literally true. Therefore, since the literal meaning cannot be true, there must be some other meaning, and the only other meaning that it could have is some figurative meaning. The problem is that since it wasn’t figurative, there is no way to explain it, and people have to make up a meaning using word association. For example, I read about the sword of the Spirit in Eph 6:17. Therefore the sword of the Spirit must be the meaning for the sword of Jesus lips in Rev 1:16, 2:16, 19:15, 21, never mind that there are 100 other references for “sword” in the Bible that have nothing to do with the sword of the Spirit and never mind that Jesus actually uses the sword of His lips to kill people for the birds to eat (Rev 19:21). The choice of Eph 6:17 is just a word association game. There is no real logic to associate Eph 6:17 with Rev 19:21 except both use the word “sword”. That’s what is really behind this “it is figurative” business–first, unbelief, and second, a vivid imagination. Neither of them has any validity at all in arriving at truth. The whole “it is figurative” business is specious from top to bottom and rests solidly on unbelief.

The height of the city is just that–its height. The text means that the city is as tall as it is wide. The words can either describe a cube or a pyramid. I am torn between the two shapes. The Holy Place was a cube and it was typical of heaven. The pyramids may also foreshadow heaven (Isa 19:19). Both cubes and pyramids can have a base equal to the height. A pyramid is more esthetically pleasing, and such a shape would explain the need for a 200 ft wall, but the shape of the Holy Place argues for a cube, so I don’t know.

Several times people have come back at the idea of our future being intimately involved with a literal earth by complaining that they don’t want more of what they have now. If heaven is going to involve the earth, it couldn’t possibly be the happy place that God describes. What rampant unbelief! Do men really believe that if God created a place like Eden that He cannot fix what is broken in this world and make it work like it should? Do men not realize what effect that the curses God has placed upon this world have on making it a sad place? Do men not realize what an awful effect that sin has on this earth? If the curse and sin and pain and death are all gone and men are young again and live for ever, why would this world not be a wonderful place? After all, the Great God pronounced His creation “Very good!” (Gen 1:31). If God, who is sparing with superlatives, says the earth was very good, I believe Him. He says that He is going to restore all things (Acts 3:21). He says there will be no more pain, no more tears and no more dying (Rev 21:4). He says the lion and the calf will lie down together and the cow and bear will feed together (Isa 11:7). He says that if I am faithful, I will have access to the throne of God and to the tree of life and that I will be rich, famous, and powerful (Rev 21:7, 2:26, 3:9, 21). This all sounds really good to me. And to top it off, God says He is going to change my heart so it won’t have the same deceitful and insensitive nature it has now (Jer 17:9, Ezek 36:26). My body will be changed so that the warfare it now wages against the inward man will be ended. God is going to make my body into a spiritual body that will support the spirit inside instead of fight against it like it does now.

When I look at the treasures of Egypt, I am awed by the beauty and majesty of the things that they made. I am amazed by all the implements of gold. I come away feeling wonderful at having seen such beauty and riches. Heaven greatly surpasses even the treasures of Egypt. The common materials of heaven, like the streets, are pure gold. One can only imagine what the region around God’s throne must be like, and we will have access to that also.

The alternative to a literal heaven of surpassing grandeur and glory such as John describes is a fuzzy, nebulous indescribable something that must be better than what we have now. We don’t know what it is, but it surely must be glorious. We can’t describe it, but because it is so indescribable, it must be glorious, because we can’t describe it. While we don’t deny that there will be things we have not experienced that will be glorious, the renewed earth will also be a glorious thing, and a body that lives forever with no pain or tears does not sound too shabby to me either. Neither does Lord James, Master of the Realm, sound too bad to me. Being prophet, priest and king to happy, prosperous servants that live forever and whose fortunes grow with them as the population fills the earth and the worlds beyond sounds like a very pleasant way to spend eternity to me. As Br’er Rabbit said, “Throw me in that briar patch!”

Posted in Hermeneutics | Leave a comment

Was Sin an Accident?

A correspondant wrote:
If all of the outcomes are known ahead of time, then everything is predetermined, and there would be no way to change it.

God himself repented that he made mankind. This shows that He chose to let things run their course. I believe this is a better way of looking at things. God can step in and take control at any time, and He does. He can also see into the future based upon His omnicience at any point in time in order to know when He needs to step in.

Not that we can understand these things — seeing into the future is something that is beyond our realm of understanding. We can only understand it to the eztent that it has been revealed to us.

James replied:
God certainly knew the outcome of Christ before He sent Him to the world, yet Christ had free will. If God could send Jesus with a determinate plan for His life and Jesus’ free will was not violated, then God can do the same for you and me. God made Pharaoh bow up his back and resist God, but Pharaoh had free will. God made Ahab go up to Ramoth-Gilead, but Ahab had free will. God told Saul that tomorrow he would be dead. Saul could have run like a dog, but he didn’t and he died, just like God said.

Each of us has free will, but God has determined a fate for every one of us–we are all going to die, no matter what. The Devil has free will, but God has a fate for him–he is destined for the Lake of Fire. If God can fate certain events in people’s lives without contravening free will, there is no reason to suppose that God was surprised by sin. It is clear from the fact that He planned for Christ’s death BEFORE the the creation that He intended for sin to occur.

To believe that God did not intend for sin to occur is to say that it happened in spite of God’s plan. God not not condone sin, but He sometimes uses people who are sinning to carry out His purposes. Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss, but it was God’s will that Judas betray Jesus. It had to be done to fulfill prophecy. God intended for that sin to occur. Likewise the death of Jesus was murder most foul, but God intended for that sin to occur. He had described it in graphic detail a thousand years before it happened (e.g. Ps 24:14). There is no way that you can say that God did not intend for these sins to occur.

If God can predict and permit sin and use sin for His purposes, there is no reason to argue that God did not create this present world as a place for sin to occur. That is really the only thing that makes sense. If He did not not need a broken world, why did He permit it? If He could have started out with Nirvana, why didn’t He? God is not a sadist that enjoys watching little creatures squirm. If He has no purpose for this sinful world, then He IS either a sadist or incompetent. It is much more reasonable to say that He has a purpose for a sinful world and all things are under His control. It is not subversion of free will for God to have a plan for the lives of creatures of free will.

The Lord was grieved that He made man upon the earth, but it was all according to His plan. God already foresaw the Fall, the Flood, the Cross and the Resurrection before the Beginning. It is all part of His design. There were some times that I was sorry I had kids, but I foresaw that before I had them. God was the same way.

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Does A Gate Made From a Single Pearl Justify Taking the Passage as a Figure of Speech?

James: The gates of New Jerusalem are made from a single pearl. Wouldn’t you hate to meet that oyster in a dark alley?

Dave: You got that right! No oyster [like] that exists in our world. So, I would think this would be ample evidence of figurative language?

James: Why, Dave? Does God explain the gates and the oyster to be something else? He describes an enormous city and describes some details of the materials of its construction. Why should we assume it is a figure of speech? Hebrews says that Abraham looked for a city of the future whose builder and maker is God (Heb 11:10). That is a straightforward statement of fact. Why is New Jerusalem not the city for which Abraham looked? It certainly appears to be a city of the future, for we see it coming down after the Judgment (Rev 20:13-21:2). Hebrews says the city for which Abraham looked has foundations (plural). New Jerusalem has 12 of them (Rev 21:14). God certainly built the city of New Jerusalem and not man. No city on earth has ever approached dimensions that are 1500 miles on a side and that can float in the sky. God’s city surpasses anything that man has ever devised. If God can build a city 1500 mi X 1500 mi X 1500 mi and make it float down from heaven, why can’t he make a pearl that is big enough to be a huge gate? After all, He made the oyster in the first place, did He not?

If you are going to make the gates of pearl a figure of speech, what are you going to use to interpret it? As far as I know, pearls are never used of anything except pearls in the Bible. There is no key to explain what it means. Like McKnight said in his remarks on Revelation, If “gold” does not mean “gold” and “precious stones” do not mean precious stones, we are at a loss to know what any words mean in the Bible. If you are at the point of saying that “pearl” does not mean “pearl” because it is too big, then why can you not say that “baptism” does not mean “immersion” because it is a work? That’s what Jack Holt did recently. Unbelief is not a reason to declare a passage to be a symbol or figure of speech.

When we are talking about symbols in the Bible, such as the seven-headed dragon (Rev 12:3) and the land-beast of Rev 13:11, those symbols are 1) used in a context where it is clear that symbols are being employed because the beasts are used interchangably with actions of people 2) there are explicit Bible keys that tell us what the different beasts mean. For example, Rev 12:9 and 20:2 both explain that the serpent/dragon is a person, the Devil. Nowhere does the Bible explain that pearls are anything but pearls.

The “gates of pearl are figures of speech” approach is one of my big beefs with people writing about Revelation. There is another group of expositors, the preterits, that take the position that ALL prophecy was fulfilled by AD 70. They use exactly the same technique of taking plain text and saying “this is figurative”, and then attaching an AD 70 interpretation to it. Looking at the pearl and saying “it is figurative” is the same approach, except you do not choose to put an AD 70 moniker on it. Using this technique, you can read any text in the Bible and treat it exactly the same way with the same justification: there isn’t any. You can read any text, say, “It is figurative” and apply whatever meaning you can imagine to it with the same justification that you can read “the twelve gates were twelve pearls” (Rev 21:21), and decide they are figures of speech. When you take the “it is figurative” approach to the Bible, you have essentially abandoned what God says and are substituting your own thoughts for God’s thoughts. At that point, you might as well throw the Bible away, and write your own, because you have abandoned what God is saying for your own imagination. It simply boils down to the fact that you do not believe what God said. The “it is figurative” syndrome essentially is one of unbelief. The expositor simply does not believe that what God is saying could be true.

Posted in Eschatology, New Jerusalem | Leave a comment

Did God Create the Present Order of Things as an Incubator for Sin?

A correspondant wrote:
It seems as though you are suggesting that God created the earth and
man with the “intent” of sin entering. If this is so – if God
created the earth with the anticipation of sin – in a way looking
forward to the eventual struggle between life and death that all
mankind will undergo – it seems much like the person who sits back
and watches a boxing match just to see (and enjoy) the pain that will
be afflicted. Like the drivers on the freeway who causes a long back
up because he is so morbidly interested in the accident that he is
passing by – wanting to see the carnage, the blood, the potential
loss of life.

James replied:
God created the heavens and the earth. Nothing exists that He did not create. He says,

Isaiah 45:7 I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things.

Clearly evil occurs because the sovereign God purposed it, created its instruments, and permits it. Likewise, the plan of salvation that presupposes sin was set as a done deal before God laid the first brick in His creation. Note:

1 Peter 1:18 knowing that ye were redeemed, not with corruptible things…19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb without spot, even the blood of Christ:
20 who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world

Peter says that the blood of Christ as a redemption for sin was foreknown before the foundation of the world. Likewise, John says Jesus’ sacrifice was not only known, but purposed. Jesus was a Lamb slain from the foundation of the world (Rev 13:8). Clearly, it was God’s plan that Christ would come and die, and just as clearly God foresaw sin arising before He created the world. Since God created the world knowing that Christ must surely come and die, He created the world with that purpose in mind. Obviously, if Jesus was slain in God’s plan before the world, the presence of sin is no accident. If God planned to send Jesus before the foundation of the world, it was obviously God’s plan for sin to occur; otherwise, there would be no need of a Savior.

Why would God create a world that He knew was going to fall into sin, indeed, that He intended to fall into sin or He would not have purposed the solution for sin before He created it? Clearly no purpose of God’s can be thwarted, so He must have had a good reason for doing such a thing. Why would He create a world that would surely fall? He must have intended for it to fall. Why would He intend for it to fall? Well, what is the chief accomplishment of this present creation? God provided an eternal solution for sin in Christ. Why did God need a solution for sin? Because He wanted creatures that would serve Him of their own love and free will and not because they had no other choice. If God created beings with free will they could choose to say, “No!” and, it is certain that in eternity some would choose to disobey God. We know the Devil sinned of himself. Adam also chose to sin in a pristine environment. These cases show that God was wise in planning for sin. In eternity, some beloved creature would eventually disobey, and then what would God do? God’s justice and holiness would demand banishment and eternal punishment for such a creature, and God would lose His creation. With no eternal solution for sin, free will would eventually damage God’s creation and render it vain.

To handle the problem of free will, God elected to create a two-tiered approach to His creation. He would have a temporary creation where He would create a solution for sin, and He would afterwards start over with a permanent creation after He had in hand an eternal remedy for sin and free will. This present order is a sort of gestation period for God’s creation before it brings forth the new creation that will last for ever.

God promises that He is going to create a new heavens and a new earth (Isa 65:17, 66:22, II Pet 3:13), and He describes that creation as one of eternal growth and peace (Isa 9:7, 11:6, 65:25). If God can create such an idyllic creation, why didn’t He do it to start with, since He obviously knew what was coming before it happened? If His first attempt at an idyllic world failed miserably as it must have if this world was intended to be idyllic, why do we think His next attempt will be more successful? It is much more reasonable to believe that God had a reason and purpose for putting us through this misery, and He did. He needed us to provide a wicked place where His sacrifice for sin could be offered. An idyllic world would never have murdered an innocent man, but a world like ours would, and that, as bizarre as it sounds, is what God needed to complete His creation. He needed a wicked world that would kill His Son so there could be an eternal remedy for sin. That is why God put us through this, and that is why Jesus said, “It is finished” when He died. Christ’s death in this wicked incubator world provided the capstone for God’s creation. It was unfinished until Jesus died as an eternal remedy for sin.

You may be thinking, well, this is fine and dandy for God, but He sure put us through a lot of misery to get what He wanted. The Hebrew writer deals with this question to some extent in Heb 12:9. He says that we have had fathers of our flesh that chastened us for their good pleasure, but God chastens us for our own benefit, that we might be partakers of His holiness. There could not be a creation of free will without God doing what He is doing. As a result, we could not exist and could not be with God and partake of His holiness if He was not doing what He is doing, even though it costs us. Paul says what we suffer is nothing compared to what we will gain (II Cor 4:17). It is like childbirth. The woman suffers for a few hours, but when the baby is born, she immediately forgets her pain for the joy of the new life she has borne (Jn 16:21) and gains thereafter for a lifetime. We suffer for a little while (I Pet 5:10), but we reap eternally (Mt 5:11-12). God makes up to us eternally for what He makes us suffer now, and all things will eventually work together for good to them that love God (Rom 8:28), even sin and death. Sin made the sacrifice of God possible, and thereby made it possible for us creatures to enjoy the holiness of God and life eternal. Death frees us from this painful world to go be with God.

The alternative to this present world and the evil in it being according to God’s plan is a God who can’t control what He has created and one that cannot be depended upon to keep His promises. A wise God that is planning for our eternal welfare is the kind of God that the Bible portrays. His amazing wisdom is clearly seen in that He is a totally good and holy God who can create and control evil and manipulate it as a tool to accomplish eternal good and still not thereby compromise His truth, holiness and justice.

Posted in God's Eternal Purpose, Soteriology | Leave a comment

Is It Valid to Use Old Testament Commands as Types?

A correspondant responded to the article on using Old Testament commands as types:
I guess it is fun to speculate, but you don’t teach this as doctrine, do you?

You can never be positive with types, but I believe what I wrote is true. Like anything else, everybody has to make up their own mind. What I said about Adam is demonstrably true. The link between that and the impurities of the Law is not definite, as types are seldom explained.

The part about Jesus in Hades is also demonstrable. He now has the keys of death and Hades (Rev 1:18). Before Christ’s resurrection, the Devil had them (Heb 2:14). Jesus went to Hades when He died (Acts 2:27). When He came out, He had all power in heaven and IN EARTH (Mt 28:18). He got the power of death and Hades, the souls of the righteous and title to the earth from the Devil when He spoiled the Devil of His armour and plundered the Devil’s goods (Lk 11:22, Mt 12:29, Mk 3:27)

What I have found in studying the scriptures is that if you take the Bible literally, it makes a whole lot more sense than the metaphysical mumbo jumbo that we sometimes hear. The point of this imperfect earth is straightforward–God is taking care of the problem of free will. He created the present earth as a solution for sin. He has accomplished that solution and is waiting now for the complete number of souls that He wants to harvest from this earth (Rev 6:10). They will be the firstfruits (Rev 14:4), the new “Adams”, of the world to come (Isa 60:22) as God repays them for the suffering He has imposed on them in carrying out His plan.

It is obvious that death was pronounced upon Adam, but as long as his descendants live, part of Adam lives. The curse of God (“dust thou art, and unto dust thou shalt return”) will not be satisfied until all of Adam is dead (Heb 9:27). The curse of God on Adam’s seed is why all in Adam die (I Cor 15:22). That is why our death is not propitiation for our sin and we can’t even offer an innocent baby in our stead. Otherwise, we would pay our debt to God when we experience the wages of sin (Rom 6:23).

Studying about parables and types is different from reasoning about the plan of salvation and from trying to understand symbols such as Rev 1:20. Doctrine is understood by reading the text and reasoning from it. We understand the Bible in same way we would understand Darwin’s Origin of the Species–we read the words and take them for what they mean. Symbols can only be understood when God explains them. Otherwise, we would not have a clue, and we would have the situation that brethren create when they read a passage of plain text and proclaim “It is figurative!”. We would basically be rewriting the Bible to suit ourselves. It is an awful way to treat scripture. It is founded upon unbelief.

Parables are indicated by a specific introductory phrase such as “And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables” (Mk 3:23). With these key introductory phrases, you know you have to interpret these stories. Their meaning is not their surface meaning. For example, I struggled a long time with the parables about the pearl of great price and the merchant seeking the goodly pearl. Why did Jesus tell the same story twice? It seemed pointless till somebody pointed out to me that that in one case the guy was just going about his business when he fell over the treasure. The second guy was making a diligent search and found it. Both of them recognized its value, but one was looking and the other was not. People find the kingdom of heaven in the same way. Some people are diligently looking for it. Others just fall over by accident. The Bible never explains that. You can see that it is true because it matches in every point, but you can’t insist that someone believes it. You put it out as an explanation for the parable and people can take it or leave it. God will not send you to hell for either one.

Types are the same way as parables, except God seldom says, “Here is a type”. He does in couple of places, but in general, He simply tells us that Israel, its law and its service were types of things of God. Like parables, you can draw lessons from types, but you cannot insist that you have to believe the explanation. The expositor has to draw the types from the literal history of what Israel did. The difference between types and symbols is that interpreting types does not destroy the literal meaning of the historical account. Taking Joseph to be a type of Christ who went into heaven to prepare a place for us does not discount the literal account of Joseph that God sent into Egypt to prepare a place for his brothers so that they would not die.

When brethren say “It is figurative”, they destroy the literal meaning of the text. With such an approach, the heavens no longer are literally rolled up as a scroll (Isa 34:4, Rev 6:14), but this is merely a “figure of speech” for the judgment of God. Such is an abhorrent approach to scripture. Those that employ such an approach take away from God’s word and add to God’s word. There is curse pronounced on such people (Rev 22:18).

When I teach something, I believe that it is true, or I wouldn’t say it. I am more confident of some things than I am of others. However, telling someone that New Jerusalem floats in the sky does not have the same consequences as telling someone they must be baptized for remission of sins. Knowing about New Jerusalem may give hope, but knowing about baptism gives access to everlasting life. Telling someone about New Jerusalem’s gates of pearl does not affect whether they go to heaven or not and does not require any action on their part. Baptism is a decision doctrine. It is something you must do. There are no similar consequences for believing or not believing in a city in the sky.

I am convinced that our unbelief has led us to discount as fables some literal things that God has planned because they seem too fantastic to believe. They are not our mundane experience. Therefore, they cannot be true. I don’t believe that. Look at what God has done already. Creating the universe was stupendous, and God says He is going to do it again. I believe Him. The new creation has continuity with the old such that we will feel right at home. Theologians have made our future existence into some metaphysical fog completely alien from the present experience, much like Hinduism or Zoroastrianism. That is not what the Bible teaches. The Bible is plain about what we can expect, if we are willing to accept it. Most are not, because the stars falling from the sky is just too much to believe, so we make up stories about it to suit ourselves. God is not pleased with such. The literal truth of what God has planned defies comprehension, but we owe it to honesty and to trust in God to give belief in it our best shot.

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Why Does the OT Depict Sex as Unclean?

One thing that has puzzled me is the Bible’s attitude toward sex. Paul says that marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled, but the OT treats sex as somewhat dirty. If a man or woman had an emission, they were to bathe and be unclean until evening. The woman was unclean during her cycle and had to purify herself afterwards. Men were not to have relations with their wives before battle in order that their vessels might be clean. Women were unclean after childbirth. Sex was forbidden on the Sabbath. Since the OT is a type of other things of God, the uncleanness factor might be representative of something else. Why might God have treated sex in this way?

Israel, its history, religion, and ceremonies are types of things of God (Heb 8:5, 9:9, 10:1, Col 2:17, I Pet 3:21, Gal 4:24). If you look at what God did to Adam and Eve after they sinned, He cursed both of them. Eve was cursed in her childbearing and all that goes with it. Adam was cursed in his seed in that all that proceeded from him were doomed to death (I Cor 15:22). Therefore, both Adam and Eve were cursed in their reproductive organs. Since God cursed both the reproduction of man and woman, the sexual vessels were polluted by God’s curse. When God pronounced uncleanness on the use and operation of these vessels, it was not reproduction itself that He was typifying as unclean, for He had commanded man and woman to reproduce (Gen 1:28). What was typified by the uncleaness associated with emissions was the pollution of Adam’s seed and woman’s childbearing. Sex in marriage itself is, as Paul said, “Honorable in all and the bed undefiled”. It’s just Adam’s seed and woman’s child bearing that have a curse on them and are thereby unclean.

The curse on Adam’s seed is of fundamental importance. Because all of us are of Adam’s seed, we are born doomed to die, because we are part of Adam and inherit his curse of death. Since we are doomed to die at conception, our death is already obligated, and it therefore does not pay the penalty for our sins, nor can we offer an innocent baby for sin, because neither we nor that baby have a free life to give. We are all doomed to death from conception by the curse on Adam’s seed. Because Jesus was not born of Adam’s seed, He was free from the curse, and had a life to give. Because He did not sin, when He came to the cross, His life was His to give or not, as He chose. Because He was Creator, His life was worth more than His creation. When He offered His life as a sacrifice for sin, God accepted life for life as a just payment for the wages of sin. The Virgin Birth was extremely important, because it brought into the world another Adam (I Cor 15:45); one that was free from the curse of God and one therefore that could potentially have a life free of sin that could be offered as atonement.

When Christ died, the Devil took Jesus to Hades into the Devil’s stronghold, or as Jesus put it during His ministry, the strong man’s house (Mt 12:19, Mk 3:27). The Devil had no right to Jesus at all. He had no right to kill Him because He was an innocent man. He had no right to take His soul, because Jesus was not a son of Adam and had not come under the Devil’s sovereignty (Jn 14:30). Jesus soul was essentially kidnapped by the Devil. Because the Devil took Jesus into Hades into the Devil’s house, the Devil commited an act of war against God. Before that day, God could not justly enter into the Devil’s house and spoil him, because what the Devil had, he obtained legally. However, when the Devil took Jesus’ soul without any justification whatever, God was justified in taking Jesus back by force, and Jesus was justified in spoiling Hades of whatever He wanted as an act of war. In that manner, Jesus obtained the souls of the righteous that were in Hades, the title to the earth, and the keys of death and Hades.

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Does the Fact of Christ Descending Into Hades Validate Calvinism?

Before Christ died, the Devil had the power of death and Hades (Heb 2:14). Jesus took the power of death and Hades from the Devil when He emerged from the grave (Rev 1:18, Acts 2:24). Until Christ acquired the power of death and Hades, all souls of the dead were in the possession of the Devil. They were his prisoners (Job 3:18, Ps 142:7). As you point out, God did not permit the saints to be tortured (Lk 16:25), but they were cut off from God and were prisoners in the Devil’s realm. Jesus said that no man had ascended up to heaven where the Father is (Dt 4:39), except the Son of Man who came down from heaven (Jn 3:13). However, Paradise is in heaven (II Cor 12:2-4, Rev 2:7), not Hades. It appears to be the same thing as the Garden of God (Ezek 28:13, Rev 2:7). Therefore, since men who died did not go to heaven, they also did not go to Paradise since it is in heaven. When Jesus died, He did not go into heaven, but into the Devil’s realm in Hades (Acts 2:27) where He wrested the power of death and Hades from the Devil (Mt 12:19, Mk 3:27, Lk 11:21-22).

What, then did Jesus mean when He said, “Today, thou shalt be with me in Paradise” (Lk 23:43)? It has commonly been interpreted to mean that Jesus went to Paradise when He died. Since Paradise is in heaven, He clearly did not. His soul went to Hades into the Devil’s realm (Acts 2:31). I believe that Jesus promised the thief that because of what the thief had done that day that salvation was come to him and that He would be with Christ in Paradise at some future time. “Today” in the sense that Christ used it in Lk 23 is in the sense of “now” (cp. Lk 19:9). Essentially Jesus said, “Because of what you have done here and now, you will be with me in Paradise”.

When men die, their souls return into the custody of God who permits the angels to dispose of the soul in accordance with its character (Lk 16:22). However, before the cross, nobody went to heaven when they died (Jn 3:13). The Devil had the power of death, and even the righteous went into his custody. That is why NT saints are so much better off than the OT saints at death; we go to be with Christ when we die (Php 1:23, II Cor 5:8-9). Before that, all they had to look forward to at death was the gloominess of the Devil’s prison where they were cut off from God (Ps 88:3-6, Job 33:30). Jesus came to set these righteous souls free (Isa 61:1, Lk 4:18-21) and to take them into heaven (Eph 4:8) where we find them now (Rev 6:9, I Thes 4:14, Rev 20:4). It was when Jesus ascended on high that He took the soul of the thief from Hades with Him into heaven as He had promised.

There is no doubt that the Father was with Christ during most of His ordeal, but Jesus never said that God would be with Him always. When He died, Jesus was made to be sin for us (II Cor 5:21). Sin separates from God (Isa 59:2). If Jesus was made to be sin, then it seems perfectly logical for Jesus to be separated from God as a consequence of being made sin for us. I do not see how He could avoid being separated from God if He truly became sin for us. Like the scapegoat was separated from God by being sent into the wilderness unto Azazel (Lev 16:10 ASV), even so Christ as our scapegoat was separated from God for a short time. “He was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed” (Isaiah 53:5 NIV). Not long before He died, Jesus was made to be unholy for us and suffered separation from God (Mt 27:46), and as a consequence of being made unholy, he suffers inferiority to God in eternity (I Cor 15:28). God raised Him from the dead (Acts 2:32), but there were permanent consequences of Jesus sacrifice. Jesus emptied Himself of His equality with God when He became a servant (Php 2:6-7). When He ascended back to the Father, God permitted Jesus to rule on the Father’s throne until the resurrection of the dead (Acts 2:34-35, Acts 3:21, I Cor 15:24-26), at which time Jesus will then sit on the throne of HIS glory (Mt 25:31, Rev 3:21), the throne of His father David (Lk 1:33).

The Bible does not say that Jesus became a sinner. It says He became sin. Like the high priest laid the sins of Israel onto the scapegoat and sent it into the wilderness (Lk 16:20-21), even so God laid the sins of men upon Christ (Isa 53:6), God’s Lamb (Jn 1:36) [of the sheep or goats–Ex 12:5] , and sent Him into the wilderness of Hades. The scapegoat did not become a sinner, but it became sin and bore the sins away from Israel. Jesus became sin for us and bore our sins away from us.

Now let’s consider the sacrifice of Christ. His sacrifice fulfilled the type of the sacrifices of the two sin goats that were sacrificed on the Day of Atonement. When one of the sin goats was slain, the blood of that slain goat was sprinkled on the altar to atone for the sin of the people (Lev 16:15-16). The other goat was sent into the wilderness. Jesus fulfills the types of both the scapegoat and the sin goat. He bore our sins away from us, and His sprinkled blood atones for sin. However, the blood of a sacrifice was conditional. In order for something to be made holy, the object that was to be made holy (sanctified) had to be sprinkled with the cleansing blood (Lev 8:30). Our souls are sprinkled with the blood of Christ at baptism (Heb 10:22). Like the priest had the blood of cleansing in his hand but it didn’t cleanse anything until he sprinkled it on something, even so Christ, our High Priest, has the blood of cleansing in His hand, but it is only applied to those who come to receive it. God has received the price of redemption for the souls of men and His justice is satisfied, but the payment for the debt of sin is only applied to souls that wish to receive it. The terms of redemption are clearly spelled out in the NT. They are HBRCB. When these terms are met, the blood is applied (sprinkled) on his heart and redemption/sanctification is the result (Acts 2:38, Mk 16:16). Other than that, God has not promised a man anything regarding salvation. As you can see, the process involves man’s obedience and is not just an arbitrary act of a sovereign God.

I do not see how Jesus paying the full price for sin invokes Calvinism. If Jesus, our High Priest (Heb 4:14), has the cleansing blood (Heb 9:12, Rev 1:5) and only applies it to those who come seeking it (Rev 22:17), then salvation is not unconditional and is not arbitrary. Any who come may be cleansed, but they come of their own free will. The fact that Jesus was made to be sin for us and went to the wilderness of Hades, as the scapegoat type requires, does not mean that men are saved by the arbitrary action of God. It is not twisting the scriptures to believe what they say and they say that Jesus went to Hades (not Paradise), was forsaken by God, and was made to be sin for us.

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God Is a Hard Master

In Matthew 25:24 Jesus recounted a parable where a one talent man defended his sloth by saying, “Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed.”

The master was not buying the story because the servant indeed knew his master–he was a hard man, and the master admitted as much when He said, “Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed” (Mt 25:26). Since Jesus told the parable to teach us a lesson about our relationship with our master, God, let us look at some ways in which God is a hard master.

In the first place, God created the world knowing full well that it was going to fall into sin and ruin. He knew it because Jesus was a lamb slain [in prospect] BEFORE the foundation of the world (I Pet 1:19-20), and the way of salvation from sin and death was already determined before sin ever occurred (Eph 1:4). God therefore created the world knowing that every man from Adam to the the Second Coming would be born into a world where he would die whether he sinned or not. For four thousand years every man died subject to incarceration in Hades and most souls ended up in there in the Devil’s prison with the full foreknowledge and approval of God. Since God is stronger than Satan, God can prevent any action that He does not want to occur. Since God is all knowing, He is aware of every action that occurs. Therefore, every murder, every dead baby, every rape, every death by starvation and pestilence was foreseen and tacitly approved by God. God is a hard master.

For people who are “lucky” enough to make it to moral maturity, they are all destined to fall into sin whether they want to or not. God says,

Isaiah 53:6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way;

I Kings 8:46 There is no man that sinneth not

Romans 3:23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;

No matter how we strive, sooner or later we fall prey to the Devil and end up in sin. The wages of sin is death, and man cannot pay that debt because his life is already forfeit to Adam’s transgression and the subsequent curse. Without further assistance, man was therefore forfeit to sit in the Devil’s prison for ever. God knew this would happen and permitted it to occur. God is a hard master.

God permitted His only begotten Son to come into the world as a poor man, to be hounded by bloodthirsty tyrants from infancy and be stalked, ridiculed, baited, and spied upon by jealous religionists through His entire ministry. They at last took Him through the wretched betrayal of one of His closest confidants, condemned Him on fabricated charges and through the influence of a mob scene had Him executed in defiance of all law. His mother did not even get the clothes that He wore, because they were taken by the soldiers. The Creator of the universe died naked before a mocking mob of His creatures on a tree He made. He died forsaken by God, though He had done not one thing amiss, hanged between two miserable thieves, and was buried in a borrowed tomb. God is a hard master.

Following the death of Jesus, the disciples who had the audacity to follow the teaching of God were hounded by the Jews and civil authorities to the ends of the earth. They were imprisoned, stripped of possessions, and often executed with the most exquisite tortures that men could devise. They lost jobs, families, lands, and houses and fled for their lives into foreign fields. These indignities continued more or less unababted for three hundred years. God knew this would happen and watched as His people were slaughtered by the thousands. God is a hard master.

At the end of the world, God is going to release every force of Satanic evil to work against His people. The saints will be delivered up into the power of the evil one through throughout the world. The elect will be hunted by demons like dogs and everyone that is found will either take the mark of the beast and worship him, or they will be killed. The ones left will be so few and far between that Jesus could wonder if He would even find any faithful when He comes again. Supernaturally equipped armies taken from the whole earth, hundreds of millions of cavalry mounted on demonically altered horses, demons from hell, fallen angels, the Antichrist risen from the dead, the False Prophet likewise risen from the dead, and all accompanied and empowered by Satan himself shall attack and overwhelm the last city of righteousness on earth. God sees it all happening and watches as Jerusalem falls to the attacking hordes and his two witnesses are murdered and their bodies are left unburied on the streets of Jerusalem, the women are ravished, and half of the last righteous city on earth is led into captivity. God is a hard master.

If the story were left at this juncture, one might justifiably be left to wonder why any sane person would be a Christian. Indeed, many an embittered parent grieving over the lifeless form of a departed child has cursed God over this very injustice of life and left off serving God to follow the Devil, because the Lord was perceived as too hard of a master, and even the Devil was a better master than One who they think pretends to love us and leaves us in such a plight.

What would you say to such a parent grieving over a dead child or to a sin-riddled, broken man with no lower place left to fall? Would you speak to them of the goodness of God? Yes, you would, because at this dark juncture, you have seen only part of the story. You have not seen an omniscient God who is preparing for eternity, and knows that to acquire an eternal “omelet” of a creation of men of free-will, He has to break the egg of human mortality. In other words, God has to permit some unpleasant things now to acchieve His eternal objectives. The bad things that He permits now, in His words, “Afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness” (Heb 12:11). What if God permits the dominance of wickedness over His people to show the power of righteousness and His wrathful vengeance over evil at the end of the world (Rom 9:22, Isa 52:10, Ps 45:5).

If God let us live the quality of life that we wish we could live now, it would prevent Him from having a creation of creatures of free will. God needed sin and needed sinners and a place where sin could occur in order that He might offer His spotless offering for sin. He needed a sinful place in order that His spotless Lamb might be unlawfully slain as an eternal sacrifice for sin. He needed an eternal sacrifice for sin because His creatures of free will would certainly sin in eternity, and without His sin offering there was no solution but alienation from God. His holiness cannot abide sin. Without this world and its eternal solution for sin, God’s creation would be rendered vain and He might as well not create it. So, God imposes upon us mortal creatures to work His will. What He does now is patently unfair, but He does not leave us this way, and he eternally makes up to us for our trouble. He gives us eternal life, riches, glory, honor, power, and eternal peace and joy. He makes up to us eternally for our trouble, as Paul says, with “a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory” (II Cor 4:17).

What God is doing now is really no different than parents who send their boys to military school or their daughters to finishing school. The Bible even compares the Law of Moses to a difficult schoolmaster (Gal 3:24, Acts 15:10) to bring men to maturity. Just like our fathers love us when they teach us to do hard work or they take a stick and whip our behinds, even so God is bringing us to maturity through His discipline, and He will afterwards reward us with our inheritance. After all, it was God who said, “Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child; The rod of discipline will remove it far from him” (Pb 22:15 NASU)”, and “Do not hold back discipline from the child, Although you strike him with the rod, he will not die” (Pb 23:13 NASU). God has chastened us severely, but it does not result in our eternal death. As He says, “In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer.” We are experiencing the chastisement of childhood. Afterwards He gives us eternal rest. Let us be patient with God as He finishes His eternal work of atonement with our help. After all, He makes us rulers of the universe for our trouble and He rewards us with riches that increase eternally. We will have all of everything that we want and more than we can even use.

Everything that we would like to have He gives us eternally in superabundance if we will be faithful to Him. Do you want to live? God gives you eternal life as a son of the God of the universe. Do you want food? God will make it grow in such abundance that the fruitful fields of our day will be like a jungle in comparison to what He has prepared (Isa 32:15). Do you want women? God has promised that we will have multiple concubines (Isa 4:1) and thousands of children (Isa 49:19, En 10:17). Do you want power? God sets us to judge the world (I Cor 6:2, Mt 25:40) and to rule the nations with an iron rod (Rev 2:27) and to be absolute monarch over our kingdoms (Rev 3:21, Lk 16:12, 19:15). Do you want riches? God promises that we will increase without limit through eternity (Isa 9:7), and that wealth and riches will be in the house of the righteous for ever (Ps 112:3). Do you want rest from your labor? God has promised us eternal rest, every man under his vine and his fig tree (Micah 4:4), when He repeals the hard labour wherein He made us serve (Isa 14:3). Do you want honor? God has promised those who do well that they will receive glory and honor (Rom 2:7). Our people over whom we rule will treat us as if we were the greatest person in the whole world. They will bear us upon their shoulders to the feasts and cheer for us as we enter New Jerusalem (Isa 66:20, Rev 21:26). They will revere and honor us (Zech 8:23).

What do you have to do to enjoy an eternity of superabundance? You have to fear God and serve Him with all your might (Mt 10:37). You have to do good and hate evil (I Pet 3:10-11). You have to be faithful for the little while of your childhood and then you will experience freedom as a son of God in your eternal life. May God grant us all strength to overcome sin in our lives, and to enter in to what He has promised the faithful.

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Punishment “For Ever” and “Eternally” Are the Same When Applied to an Unending Age

Sometimes “for ever” means, “age lasting” (e.g. Ex 21:6), but the majority of the time it means “without end”, and when you apply “for ever” to the age to come that does not end, “age lasting” during the an age that does not end means the same thing as “for ever”. “Age lasting” in an eternal age ends when the unending age does; that is, never. “For ever” applied to punishment (e.g. Jude 1:3, 2 Pet 2:17) refers to an age that never ends, and hence the punishment never ends. “The smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name” (Rev 14:11).

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Is Eternal Punishment Fair?

If someone did not know about God and His law, is it fair to send them to eternal hell? Orthodoxy, constrained by its view of only two destinies, says the ignorant will go to hell, and God is fair in sending ignorant men there. There is, however, a solution to the dilemma posed by eternal punishment in which God is seen to be just for sending men to hell. The solution is to believe what God says regarding a third category of people in eternity. The third category of people are the nations that will inherit the earth (Mt 25:31, 5:5) as subjects of the elect/righteous who will rule over them (Rev 2:26, 3:21, Lk 19:17, 19). Of course, the third category is the sinners damned to Hades (Mt 25:41). The ignorant people saved from among the nations are the ones described in Lk 12:48 that will be punished with few stripes (Lk 12:48). These ignorant sinners will be punished in Hades during the present age. When these sinners rise from the dead, they will have opportunity to repent of their sins when they see what Jesus will do (En 50:2-3), but then it will be too late to become sons of God. The people who go to eternal hell are incorrigibles who either had every opportunity to serve God and spurned it, or else they remain rebellious to God even after they find out what His will is. How can God put people on the new earth who will not repent even after torture? He cannot, because He gave people free will. He therefore uses them as an eternal object lesson to creatures of free will in eternity. The people in Gehenna hell will serve as an eternal warning to the nations on the new earth to not disobey God. The people of the new earth (Isa 66:22) as part of their coming together to Jerusalem to serve God will go out from Jerusalem to nearby Gehenna and be reminded that the way of the transgressor is hard (Isa 66:23-24). The comforting fact is that the people who go there are incorrigibiles who will not repent even after they learn better. If a man tries to do the good he knows (Mt 25:34-36) and is willing to serve God, he will not go there. Eternity in Gehenna is all that God can do with people who knowingly reject His last offer of mercy either here or in Hades. He cannot put them on the new earth, for with their rebellious attitude, they would pollute it also. He therefore consigns them to Gehenna where they serve to warn others to not emulate their stubborn and rebellious hearts.

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